Magnetic cores are essential components in many electromagnetic devices, as they serve to guide and amplify magnetic fields. By containing and directing the magnetic flux, cores reduce energy losses and improve the performance of devices such as transformers and inductors. The efficiency of a magnetic core is determined by its material, which directly affects its magnetic properties, such as permeability, coercivity, and saturation.
A magnetic core amplifies a magnetic field by providing a low reluctance path for the magnetic flux, concentrating it within the core material. The degree of amplification depends on the core's magnetic properties, primarily its permeability, which is a measure of the material's ability to allow magnetic field lines to pass through it.
Permeability () is expressed relative to the permeability of free space (), which is approximately 4*10(-7) T.m/A. The relative permeability (_r) of a material is a dimensionless value that indicates how easily a material can be magnetized compared to free space. The product of and _r gives the absolute permeability () of the material.
= 0 * _r
The amplification factor of a magnetic core is determined by its relative permeability (_r). For example, if the relative permeability of a magnetic core is 1000, it means that the magnetic field inside the core is 1000 times stronger than it would be in free space.